作者为中国人民大学“一带一路”建设进展课题组。

　　核心提示

　　今天的中国，已经站在同世界深度互动、向世界深度开放的新起点上。“一带一路”建设是党中央顺应历史潮流提出的“十三五”时期和更长时期的发展战略。推进“一带一路”建设既是中国深度融入世界的需要，也是实现与亚欧非及世界各国联动发展的需要。

　　三年来，“一带一路”建设从无到有、由点及面，取得长足进展，从顶层设计、政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通、全国布局等方面都取得了显著的成果，已形成了各国共商共建共享的合作局面。中国携手“一带一路”沿线国家和地区打造绿色丝绸之路、健康丝绸之路、智力丝绸之路、和平丝绸之路，为沿线国家和地区注入了新的增长动力，并开辟出共同发展的巨大空间。

　　“一带一路”建设是我国扩大和深化对外开放，构建开放发展新格局，践行合作共赢理念的大战略。“一带一路”建设是蕴涵着包容与共享理念的人类命运共同体的伟大工程，其建设过程也必将是长期的、系统性的。因此，建设“一带一路”必须坚持规划引领，有序务实推进。

　　2013年9月7日，中共中央总书记、国家主席习近平在哈萨克斯坦发表题为《弘扬人民友谊共创美好未来》的演讲时，提出“共同建设‘丝绸之路经济带’”的倡议。同年10月3日，习近平主席在印度尼西亚国会发表题为《携手建设中国-东盟命运共同体》的重要演讲中，提出了“共同建设‘21世纪海上丝绸之路’”的重大倡议。

　　近三年来，“一带一路”建设从无到有、由点及面，取得长足进展，已形成了各国共商共建共享的合作局面，以及一系列建设“一带一路”的重要项目。习近平总书记指出，目前已经有100多个国家和国际组织参与其中，中国同30多个沿线国家签署了共建“一带一路”合作协议、同20多个国家开展国际产能合作，联合国等国际组织也态度积极，以亚投行、丝路基金为代表的金融合作不断深入，一批有影响力的标志性项目逐步落地。中国与“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的合作步伐不断加快，为沿线国家和地区注入了新的增长动力，并开辟出共同发展的巨大空间。

　　“一带一路”顺应了国际经济发展的内在规律，代表着全球经济合作的新趋势，获得了广泛国际共识，打开了良好的局面。本报告从顶层设计、政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通、全国布局、稳步推进等八个方面，对近三年来“一带一路”建设的进展进行了梳理和研究，总结并阐发“一带一路”建设的经验，提出建设“一带一路”的建议，为稳步有序推进“一带一路”建设提供行动参考。

　　一、顶层设计：搭建共建框架

　　2013年11月12日，中国共产党第十八届中央委员会第三次全体会议通过了《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》，“一带一路”首次写入党的重大决定。2014年11月4日，中共中央总书记习近平主持召开中央财经领导小组第八次会议，专门研究建设“一带一路”规划。同年12月9日至11日召开的中央经济工作会议将“一带一路”列为2015年重点推进的区域经济发展战略。

　　国务院总理李克强在2014年和2015年的《政府工作报告》中都提出要建设“一带一路”。2015年2月1日，由国务院副总理张高丽担任组长的推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组首次公开亮相。领导小组办公室设在国家发展和改革委员会（以下简称“国家发改委”），下设综合组、丝绸之路组、海上丝绸之路组和对外合作组等四个组，初步建立了落实“一带一路”顶层设计的国内领导和协调机制。

　　2015年3月28日，国家发改委、外交部、商务部联合发布了《推动共建丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路的愿景与行动》文件，从主要原则、建设主线和建设方向等方面提出了共建“一带一路”的顶层设计框架。

　　主要原则：中国充分考虑到“一带一路”沿线国家和地区的利益和关切，秉持和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的理念，提出了恪守联合国宪章的宗旨和原则、坚持开放合作、坚持和谐包容、坚持市场运作、坚持互利共赢的五项原则。这向世界表明，中国倡议的“一带一路”是开放包容、平等互利的，是全球各国均可参与的“大合唱”，而非排他性的倡议；“一带一路”倡议通过推动沿线各国共同参与、共同建设、共同分享，进而实现沿线国家合作共赢和可持续发展。

　　两翼齐飞：丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路是“一带一路”建设的两翼。丝绸之路经济带包括中国经中亚、俄罗斯至欧洲（波罗的海）；中国经中亚、西亚至波斯湾、地中海；中国至东南亚、南亚、印度洋三大战略方向。21世纪海上丝绸之路包括从中国沿海港口过南海到印度洋，延伸至欧洲；从中国沿海港口过南海到南太平洋两大战略方向。

　　“一带一路”建设陆上依托国际大通道，以沿线中心城市为支撑，以重点经贸产业园区为合作平台，共同打造新亚欧大陆桥、中蒙俄、中国－中亚－西亚、中巴、孟中印缅、中国-中南半岛等国际经济合作走廊；海上以重点港口为节点，共同建设通畅安全高效的运输大通道。实现陆上路径和海上路径的紧密关联和合作，推动“一带一路”取得更大进展。

　　二、政策沟通：获得广泛共识

　　政策沟通是“一带一路”建设的重要保障。有效的沟通与协调有助于培育政治互信，建立合作共识，协调发展战略、促进贸易便利化及多边合作体制机制的建立。

　　近三年来，中国与沿线国家不断推进合作，落实各项规划与项目，积极利用现有双多边合作机制，有力推动了区域与跨区域合作。关于“一带一路”倡议的重大意义，中国已经同沿线各国及相关国际组织之间建立了普遍的共识。

　　开展双边合作：中国积极推动与“一带一路”沿线各国签署合作备忘录或合作规划。截至2016年6月30日，中国已经同56个国家和区域合作组织发表了对接“一带一路”倡议的联合声明，并且签订了相关谅解备忘录或协议。同时，中方积极探索建立双边联合工作机制，同时进一步完善现有的联委会、混委会、协委会、指导委员会、管理委员会等双边机制，协调推动合作项目实施。截至2016年6月30日，中国已经与14个国家签署了自贸区协定，涉及22个国家和地区，自贸伙伴遍及亚洲、拉美、

　　大洋洲和欧洲等地区；在“一带一路”沿线，中国也已经与11个国家签署了自贸区协定，还与56个沿线国家签署了双边投资协定，有力推动了与这些国家的贸易与投资合作。

　　深化多边合作：围绕“一带一路”倡议，中国积极强化多边合作机制，取得重要进展。上海合作组织（SCO）、中国-中东欧16+1合作机制、中国-东盟“10+1”、亚太经合组织（APEC）、博鳌亚洲论坛（BFA）、亚欧会议（ASEM）、亚洲合作对话（ACD）、亚信会议（CICA）、中非合作论坛（FOCAC）、中阿合作论坛（CASCF）、大湄公河次区域经济合作（GMS）、中亚区域经济合作（CAREC）、澜沧江-湄公河合作机制（LMCM）、中国-海合会战略对话等多边合作机制不断取得进展，带动了更多国家和地区参与“一带一路”建设。

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　　The Belt and Road”  Progress Report

　　Building on pragmatic and steady progress through coordination

　　-The Belt and Road Progress Report

　　The Belt and Road Progress Research Team, Renmin University of China

　　On September 7, 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping made a speech titled "Promote People-to-People Friendship and Create a Better Future" in Kazakhstan, proposing to build a Silk Road Economic Beltbelt together with Central Asian countries. On October 3 of the same year, President Xi delivered another speech in Indonesia titled “Join, “Joining Hands in Building China-ASEAN Community of Shared Destiny,” unveiling a major initiative to build “the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road.”

　　Over the past three years, significant progress has been made on the Belt and Road Initiative (hereinafter referred to as the “BRI”).(BRI). An array of key projects is underway, with a commitment to achieving common development and shared growth through joint consultation.

　　President Xi saidhas confirmed that more than 100 countries and international organizations are currently involvedparticipating in the Initiative. Over 30 countries along the Belt and Road routes have signed cooperation agreements with China.on building the Belt and Road. China is working with more than 20 countries on capacity building projects in the manufacturing sector. UN and other international organizations have taken a positive attitude towards the Initiative.

　　Besides, financial cooperation within the frameworks of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and Silk Road Fund is gaining traction, and a number of signature projects have been launched. Cooperation between China and countries along the “Belt and Road” routes is gaining pace, which is creating momentum for growth in these economies as well as bringing about great opportunities for shared development.

　　Based on an understanding of fundamental principles about international economic development, the BRI represents an emerging trend in global economic cooperation, which has gained global consensus and is offering a very promising outlook for development.

　　This report provides an overview of the main achievements of the BRI over the past three years from eight perspectives: BRI’s top-level design, related policy coordination, facilities connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, people-to-people bond, China’s domestic efforts, as well as suggestions for BRI’s future growth. The report highlights the BRI’s key progress in the past three years, with an aim to provide actionable ideas for its further implementation.

　　I. Top-level Design: A Strategic Framework

　　On November 12, 2013, the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform was adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, for the first time bringing forth the concept of the “Belt and Road” was adopted in as a major Party decision. of the party leadership. On November 4, 2014, the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs, chaired by President Xi, held its 8th meeting, with its focusan emphasis on the BRI. During December 9 to11 of the same year, the BRI was identified at the Central Economic Work Conference as a key strategy of 2015 to promote regional economic development.

　　Premier Li Keqiang underlined the BRI’s importance of in the government work reports released in 2014 and 2015. On February 1, 2015, a special leading group led by Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli was set up to oversee the implementation of the BRI.BRI, was announced. The Office of the Leading Group, placed at office under the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has four departments – General Affairs, Silk Road, Maritime Silk Road, and International Cooperation – and thus ahas created top-level leadership and coordination mechanism has been establisheds to implement the Initiative.

　　On March 28, 2015, the NDRC, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Commerce jointly released the Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st- Century Maritime Silk Road, setting forth guiding principles, defined proposed routes and cooperation priorities for the BRI.

　　Principles: With full understanding of the interests and concerns of the countries and regions along the “Belt and Road," routes, the Initiative upholds the spirit of peace, cooperation, openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit, and proposes five principles accordingly i) the Initiative is in line with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter; ii) the Initiative is open for cooperation, and is open to all countries and international and regional organizations for engagement; iii) the Initiative is harmonious and inclusive; iv) the Initiative follows market rules; and v) the Initiative seeks mutual benefit. That means China’s BRI is open and inclusive as well as mutually beneficial for all participants.participating stakeholders. It is a chorus of all countries across the globe are welcome to join in.. The Initiative calls for allpromotes joint efforts of participating countries and regions along the “Belt and Road” to participate, to work and share benefit together in a bid to realize mutually beneficial andtowards win-win goals for sustainable development.

　　Two Parallel Roads: The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road are the two main routes of the BRI. The Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on bringing together China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe (the Baltic); linking China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asia and West Asia; and connecting China with Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Indian Ocean. The 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road is designed to have two routes, one go from China`s ports along its coast to Europe viathrough the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, in one route, and the other from China`s ports along its coast through the South China Sea to the South Pacific. in the other.

　　On land, the Initiative will focus on jointly building a new Eurasian Land Bridge and developing China-Mongolia-Russia, China-Central Asia-West Asia, China-Pakistan, Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar, and China-Indochina Peninsula economic corridors by taking advantage of international transport routes, relying on core cities along the “Belt and Road” and using key economic industrial parks as cooperation platforms. At sea, the Initiative will focus on jointly building smooth, secure and efficient transport routes connecting major sea ports along the “Belt and Road.” We need The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor are closely related to realizethe Belt and Road Initiative, and therefore require closer cooperation and connection between the land and maritime routes in order to make greater progress of the BRI.

　　II. Policy Coordination: A Wide Consensus

　　Policy coordination plays a critical role in supporting the BRI, to bolster mutual political trust, reach cooperation consensus, coordinate development strategies, facilitate trade and introduce multilateral cooperation mechanisms.

　　Over the past three years, China has been working with countries along the “Belt and Road” routes to push ahead programs and projects under the Initiative by leveraging its existing bilateral and multilateral mechanisms for regional and cross-regional cooperation. There is a broad consensus among China, other participating countries and organizations on the BRI.

　　Bilateral cooperation: China has been encouraging the signing of cooperation MoUs or plans with countries along the “Belt and Road.” routes. By the end of August 2016, China had issued joint proposals and statements with 56 countries and regional organizations on bilateral cooperation fortowards implementing the BRI and signed the relevant MoUs or agreements accordingly.

　　Meanwhile, China continued to introduce bilateral joint working mechanisms and improved existing bilateral mechanisms to coordinate and promote the implementation of cooperation projects.

　　As of June 30, 2016, China had signed free trade agreements (hereinafter referred to as the “FTAs”)(FTAs) with 14 countries that cover 22 countries and regions, with partners geographically distributed across Asia, Latin America, Oceania and Europe. Along 11 of these countries are along the “Belt and Road,” routes. China has also signed FTAs with 11 countries, and bilateral investment agreements with 56 countries, thus greatly promoting along the Belt and Road routes, in an effort to promote trade and investment cooperation with these countries.

　　Multilateral cooperation: China continuescontinued to enhance the role of multilateral cooperation mechanism and has made remarkable resultss in implementing the BRI, with existing mechanisms truly gaining traction, such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), China-CEE Cooperation (16+1), ASEAN Plus China (10+1), Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Boao Forum for Asia (BFA), Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM), Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD), Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA), Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) Economic Cooperation, Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC), Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism (LMCM) and China-Gulf Cooperation Council Strategic Dialogue. These mechanisms have attracted more countries and regions to participate in the BRI.

　　High-level mutual visits:Mutual Visits: High-level mutual visits made by Chinese President Xi and Premier Li and their foreign counterparts greatly contributed to building political mutual trust as well as enhancing the role of traditional friendships and cooperation between China and countries along the “Belt and Road.” routes. Between September 2013 and August 2016, President Xi visited 37 countries (18 in Asia, 9 in Europe, 3 in Africa, 4 in Latin America and 3 in Oceania), where he officially promoted the idea of building the “Belt and Road” as a cooperation initiative and received warm response from concerned countries. China have signed agreements on the “Belt and Road” policy with most Central Asia and Caucasian countries and issued joint statements on policy planning for building the BRI with regional or subregional bodies such as EU, 16 Central and Eastern European Countries, Greater Mekong Subregion and African Union.

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　　课题组组长

　　刘伟 中国人民大学校长

　　课题组顾问

　　张燕玲 前中国银行副行长、国际商会执行董事、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员

　　魏本华 前国家外汇管理局副局长、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员

　　欧晓理 国家发改委西部开发司巡视员

　　宋立洪 商务部综合司副司长

　　谈践 外交部国际经济司副司长

　　刘志勤 前瑞士苏黎世州银行北京代表处首席代表、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员

　　课题执笔人

　　王文 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长

　　何帆 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院首席经济学家

　　贾晋京 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院宏观研究部主任

　　相均泳 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院产业研究部副主任

　　刘英 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院研究员

　　课题组成员

　　王义桅 中国人民大学国际关系学院教授、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员杨凡欣中国人民大学重阳金融研究院国际合作项目主管

　　程诚 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院项目主管

　　展腾 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院助理研究员

　　程阳 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院助理研究员

　　杨福鼎 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院助理研究员

　　周西蒙 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院助理研究员

　　戴然 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院实习研究员

　　房琳洁 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院实习研究员

　　孙艺源 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院实习研究员

　　林凝 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院实习研究员

　　校对组成员

　　陈晓晨 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院国际研究部副主任

　　陈晨晨 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院研究员

　　费伊楠（FerideInan）土耳其经济政策研究基金会TEPAV、中国人民大学重阳金融研究院访问学者

　　常玉迪 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院实习研究员

　　黄丹 中国人民大学重阳金融研究院实习研究员