今年11月，第9次G20领导人峰会即将在在澳多利亚布里斯班举行，各国有关机构正在紧锣密鼓地进行会前准备工作。世界经济界人士更是对此会议寄予厚望，期望在推动世界经济增长方面出台更有力的措施。此刻，认真回顾上次领导人峰会或许更为重要。

　　去年9月在圣彼得堡召开的G20峰会期间，各国领导人用不同的方式表达了各自的诉求，愿望甚至承诺。有人统计过，这些承诺多达280多项之多。我们把这些诉求和承诺，表述为是峰会给各国领袖们留下的“作业”。这是必须完成的“作业”，各国的最终成绩将取决于这些作业完成的质量如何。各项“作业”可以被归纳成6个主要内容，分别是：1.我们团结一致，决定继续加强世界经济。2.促进增长和创造就业是我们的首要任务。3.要重视长期投融资，包括基础建设和中小企业融资以促进经济增长，创造就业和发展。4.世界经济面临的主要挑战：脆弱增长和高失业率。5.我们反对所有形式的保护主义，保证市场开发。6.保证全体人民有机会从强劲，可持续和均衡发展中获得利益。

　　根据各国在过去一年中完成“作业”的情况，我们对主要经济体的6项指标进行评分。满分为100分，其中英国 85分，法国85分，日本80分，美国90分，印度80分，中国90分，德国90分等。对大多数国家来说，经济的“强劲增长”并未实现。以欧美发达国家的经济增速来看，除了美国和德国的GDP增长比较稳定，在2%左右，其余各个前发达国家均未能实现增长的“强劲”，更不用说做到“可持续和均衡增长”了。究竟是什么原因导致出现这样的情形？是政策不对头，还是措施不得力？或是执行不够坚决？在笔者看来，G20成员国为了各自的经济增长费了不少脑筋，然而收效甚微，原因在于各国没有找到最符合本国实际要求和本国经济命脉的关键因素所在，用“头疼医头，脚疼医脚”的单一疗法是不能奏效的。

　　对西方发达国家而言，他们首要解决的问题是如何找到经济发展的“不平衡点”，因为在经济链条中，“不平衡”才是永动机，才是发展的动力所在。由于西方国家在经济层面早就实现了工业化和城镇化，所以在社会和经济领域似乎达到一定的“平衡”，这就是西方社会和经济领域长期止步不前，发展缓慢的原因之一。只有打破“均衡陷阱”，西方发达国家才有可能焕发新的精神力量和创造才能。

　　对发展中国家国家而言，“不平衡”比比皆是，到处是投资缺钱的地方。许多西方人认为中国是个“淘金”的好地方，就如几百年前中国人对西方的憧憬一样。其实，“遍地是黄金”的说法，正是印证了处处可投资有回报的经济发展基本要素。中国、印度、巴西、俄罗斯等向世界提供了如此多的机会和各种可能性。值得指出的是，在过去30多年中，中国扮演了一个“主厨”的角色。中国利用有限的资源，为世界的经济增长提供了“美味佳肴”。但是，当西方发达国家在富丽堂皇的餐厅品味美餐时，却没有忘记指责从“厨房”里逃逸出的烟气雾霾。这对中国是不公平的，应当立即改变。在搭中国快速发展的便车同时必须支付中国为此付出的代价。世界上没有免费的便车。

　　最后，我们期望今年的峰会能够宣布：一个使命：世界经济持久增长;一个目标：世界经济开放增长;一个目的：世界经济高质增长。让我们拭目以待!(作者是中国人民大学重阳金融研究院高级研究员)

英文版

The ninth G20 summit will take place on November 15 in Brisbane, Australia. At this time, when people all over the world are hoping for new policies to support global growth, we can review what we learned from the summit in 2013.

The declaration made at St. Petersburg last year focused on six main points.

The G20 leaders stated that the G20 members were working together to strengthen the global economy, that strengthening growth and creating jobs were the top priority, and that they recognized the importance of long-term financing for investment, especially in infrastructure and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

They also emphasized that the main challenges to the global economy were weak growth and persistently high unemployment, that they would resist all forms of protectionism and keep their markets open, and that they would ensure that all people had the chance to gain from strong, sustainable, and balanced growth.

This is a worthwhile list. But unfortunately, only about half of it has been achieved in practice.

Strengthening growth is still only a nice dream, because most of the developed countries have not met this goal.

The main eurozone community has seen growth of only 1 to 2 percent. US growth has been between 2 to 3 percent, and Japanese growth less than 1 percent. The weakening factors in the global economy still have not been resolved.

Long-term investment in infrastructure and SMEs is a headache for all governments, because they are mostly dependent on market mechanisms and governing policy.

In China, the State Council has announced many new policies and regulations to help ease financing for SMEs and pull them back from the credit cliff. But it will take time to see any results.

Protectionism, unfortunately, has become a common obstacle to the globalization process in the past year.

In particular, developed countries have attempted to use new forms of protectionism to block their markets to emerging countries. This is a regrettable development. We must oppose all forms of protectionism.

Everyone in the world wants to see strong, sustainable and balanced growth. But this is rarely possible, since strong and sustainable are often in opposition. And a balanced, third part of this "iron triangle" can be even harder to realize. Maybe no country has managed it in modern times.

Perhaps "strong, sustainable and stable" could replace the idea of "strong, sustainable, and balanced" growth in our policymaking process.

As based on discussions with other experts here, I would rate the various countries` performance in following the last summit`s pre1111ions as follows, using a percentile scale; France 85, Italy 80, Japan 80, Germany 90, Canada 85, Australia 85, US 90, India 80, and China 90, with other countries between 75 and 80.

Clearly, there is still much to be done. China bears the heaviest burden for the whole world economically. And only by consistent reform can China make greater contributions to a new era of global economic growth.

We expect the upcoming G20 summit will declare the clear goals of persistent growth, open growth and quality growth.